ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The possible adverse respiratory effects of airborne pollutants in sawmills have not been thoroughly investigated in Iran. Additionally, the extent to which workers are exposed to this organic dust and its associated bioaerosols has not been extensively quantified. Likewise, the predominant bacterial and fungal species associated with wood dust have not been characterized. The present study was undertaken to address these issues. METHODS: One hundred male individuals exposed to wood dust and 100 unexposed male subjects were investigated. They completed a standardized respiratory symptom questionnaire and underwent spirometry testing. Additionally, airborne concentrations of respirable and inhalable dust particles, bacteria, and fungi were measured. RESULTS: The mean concentrations of inhalable and respirable dust particles, bacteria, and fungi were found to be 2.44, 6.76 mg/m3, 756.38, and 299.15 colony-forming units/m3, respectively. The predominant Gram-negative bacteria in the sawmills included the Pseudomonadaceae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Rhinoscleromatis spp., and the predominant fungi consisted of the zygomycetes and Aspergillus spp. Respiratory symptoms were significantly more prevalent among exposed workers. Significant cross-shift decrements were noted in some pulmonary function parameters. Similarly, pre-shift spirometry results indicated that some pulmonary function parameters were significantly lower in the exposed group. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to wood dust and its bioaerosols was associated with significantly higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms and both acute (i.e., partially reversible) and chronic (i.e., irreversible) decrements in the functional capacity of the lung. Additionally, the characterized bioaerosols did not differ significantly from those isolated in other parts of the world.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aspergillus , Bacteria , Dust , Fungi , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Inhalation Exposure , Inhalation , Iran , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Lung , Prevalence , Pseudomonadaceae , Respiratory Function Tests , Spirometry , WoodABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The possible adverse respiratory effects of airborne pollutants in sawmills have not been thoroughly investigated in Iran. Additionally, the extent to which workers are exposed to this organic dust and its associated bioaerosols has not been extensively quantified. Likewise, the predominant bacterial and fungal species associated with wood dust have not been characterized. The present study was undertaken to address these issues.METHODS: One hundred male individuals exposed to wood dust and 100 unexposed male subjects were investigated. They completed a standardized respiratory symptom questionnaire and underwent spirometry testing. Additionally, airborne concentrations of respirable and inhalable dust particles, bacteria, and fungi were measured.RESULTS: The mean concentrations of inhalable and respirable dust particles, bacteria, and fungi were found to be 2.44, 6.76 mg/m3, 756.38, and 299.15 colony-forming units/m3, respectively. The predominant Gram-negative bacteria in the sawmills included the Pseudomonadaceae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Rhinoscleromatis spp., and the predominant fungi consisted of the zygomycetes and Aspergillus spp. Respiratory symptoms were significantly more prevalent among exposed workers. Significant cross-shift decrements were noted in some pulmonary function parameters. Similarly, pre-shift spirometry results indicated that some pulmonary function parameters were significantly lower in the exposed group.CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to wood dust and its bioaerosols was associated with significantly higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms and both acute (i.e., partially reversible) and chronic (i.e., irreversible) decrements in the functional capacity of the lung. Additionally, the characterized bioaerosols did not differ significantly from those isolated in other parts of the world.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aspergillus , Bacteria , Dust , Fungi , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Inhalation Exposure , Inhalation , Iran , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Lung , Prevalence , Pseudomonadaceae , Respiratory Function Tests , Spirometry , WoodABSTRACT
Contamination with sanitary microorganisms from Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Micrococcaceae and Bacillaceae families in flower bee pollen from Bulgaria after one-year vacuum-packed cold storage has been found. Dried flower bee pollens intended for human consumption were with high incidence rate of contamination with Pantoea sp. (P. agglomerans and P. agglomerans bgp6) (100%), Citrobacter freundii (47%), Proteus mirabilis (31.6%), Serratia odorifera (15.8%) and Proteus vulgaris (5.3%). Bee pollens were also positive for the culture of microorganisms from Staphylococcaceae, Micrococcaceae and Bacillaceae families: Staphylococcus hominis subsp hominis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Arthrobacter globiformis, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. It was concluded that, if consumed directly, the vacuum-packed cold stored dried bee pollen, harvested according hygienic requirements from bee hives in industrial pollution-free areas without intensive crop production, is not problem for healthy human.
Subject(s)
Humans , Arthrobacter , Bacillaceae , Bacillus , Bacillus subtilis , Bees , Bulgaria , Citrobacter freundii , Crop Production , Enterobacteriaceae , Flowers , Incidence , Micrococcaceae , Pantoea , Pollen , Proteus mirabilis , Proteus vulgaris , Pseudomonadaceae , Serratia , Staphylococcaceae , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Staphylococcus hominis , Urticaria , VacuumABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Animal skin provides an ideal medium for the propagation of microorganisms and it is used like raw material in the tannery and footware industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate and identify the microbial load in oropharyngeal mucosa of tannery employees. METHODS: The health risk was estimated based on the identification of microorganisms found in the oropharyngeal mucosa samples. The study was conducted in a tanners group and a control group. Samples were taken from oropharyngeal mucosa and inoculated on plates with selective medium. In the samples, bacteria were identified by 16S ribosomal DNA analysis and the yeasts through a presumptive method. In addition, the sensitivity of these microorganisms to antibiotics/antifungals was evaluated. RESULTS: The identified bacteria belonged to the families Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Neisseriaceae, Alcaligenaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Xanthomonadaceae, of which some species are considered as pathogenic or opportunistic microorganisms; these bacteria were not present in the control group. Forty-two percent of bacteria identified in the tanners group are correlated with respiratory diseases. Yeasts were also identified, including the following species: Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans, and Candida krusei. Regarding the sensitivity test of bacteria identified in the tanners group, 90% showed sensitivity to piperacillin/tazobactam, 87% showed sensitivity to ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, 74% showed sensitivity to ampicillin/sulbactam, and 58% showed sensitivity to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. CONCLUSION: Several of the bacteria and yeast identified in the oropharyngeal mucosa of tanners have been correlated with infections in humans and have already been reported as airborne microorganisms in this working environment, representing a health risk for workers.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Alcaligenaceae , Bacteria , Candida , Candida albicans , Candida glabrata , Candida tropicalis , DNA, Ribosomal , Enterobacteriaceae , Moraxellaceae , Mucous Membrane , Neisseriaceae , Pseudomonadaceae , Skin , Xanthomonadaceae , YeastsABSTRACT
Dental professionals are repeatedly exposed to many microorganisms present in both blood and saliva. Thus, dental professionals are at a greater risk of acquiring and spreading infections, and the implementation of infections control guidelines is necessary. Cellular phones have become a necessary device for communicating in hospitals. Cellular phones contaminated with bacteria may serve as a fomite in the transmission of pathogens by the hands of medical personnel. Nevertheless, studies about rate and levels of bacterial contamination of cellular phones have been extremely limited with regards to dental personnel. The purpose of this study was to identify bacterial flora on the cellular phones of dentists by a molecular biological method using the 16S rRNA cloning and sequencing method. We acquired total 200 clones from dentists' cell phones and identified the bacterial species. Pseudomonas (34.6%), Lactobacillus (18.5%), Azomonas (11.5%), and Janthinobacterium (6%) were the dominant genera on dentists' cell phones. The oral bacteria identified were Anaerococcus lactolyticus, Gibbsiella dentisursi, Lactobacills leiae, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oligofermentans, and Streptococcus sanguinis. Pathogenic bacteria and opportunistic pathogens such as Carnobacterium funditum, Raoultella planticola, Shigella flexneri, Lactobacillus iners, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were also identified.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bacteria , Carnobacterium , Cell Phone , Clone Cells , Cloning, Organism , Dentists , Fomites , Hand , Lactobacillus , Pseudomonadaceae , Pseudomonas , Saliva , Shigella flexneri , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Streptococcus , Streptococcus mitisABSTRACT
The emergence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing microorganisms in Brazilian hospitals is a challenge that concerns scientists, clinicians and healthcare institutions due to the serious risk they pose to confined patients. The goal of this study was the detection of ESBL production by clinical strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. isolated from pus, urine and blood of patients at Hospital Universitário Santa Maria, Rio Grande Sul, RS, Brazil and the genotyping of the isolates based on bla SHV genes. The ESBL study was carried out using the Combined Disc Method, while Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to study the bla SHV genes. Of the 90 tested isolates, 55 (61.1 percent) were identified as ESBL-producing by the combined disk method. The bla SHV genes were found in 67.8 percent of these microorganisms. K. pneumoniae predominated in the samples, presenting the highest frequency of positive results from the combined disk and PCR.
Subject(s)
Humans , Base Sequence , Clinical Enzyme Tests , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Enterobacteriaceae/enzymology , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/enzymology , Patients , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Pseudomonadaceae/enzymology , beta-Lactamases/analysis , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Genotype , Methods , PrevalenceABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to correlate the presence of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Moraxellaceae and Xanthomonadaceae on the posterior dorsum of the human tongue with the presence of tongue coating, gender, age, smoking habit and denture use. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bacteria were isolated from the posterior tongue dorsum of 100 individuals in MacConkey agar medium and were identified by the API 20E system (Biolab-Mérieux). RESULTS: 43 percent of the individuals, presented the target microorganisms on the tongue dorsum, with greater prevalence among individuals between 40 and 50 years of age (p = 0.001) and non-smokers (p=0.0485). CONCLUSIONS: A higher prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae was observed on the tongue dorsum of the individuals evaluated. There was no correlation between these species and the presence and thickness of tongue coating, gender and presence of dentures.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Pseudomonadaceae/isolation & purification , Tongue/microbiology , Age Factors , Colony Count, Microbial , Dentures , Denture, Complete/microbiology , Denture, Partial, Fixed/microbiology , Denture, Partial, Removable/microbiology , Enterobacter cloacae/isolation & purification , Enterobacteriaceae/classification , Halitosis/microbiology , Mannheimia haemolytica/isolation & purification , Moraxellaceae/classification , Moraxellaceae/isolation & purification , Oral Hygiene , Pasteurella pneumotropica/isolation & purification , Pseudomonadaceae/classification , Smoking , Tongue/pathology , Xanthomonadaceae/classification , Xanthomonadaceae/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Introducción. Los microorganismos involucrados en la periodontitis varían en cada región dependiendo de diferentes factores. Por ello cada país debe establecer su propio perfil microbiológico con el objeto de proponer esquemas adecuados de prevención y tratamiento. Objetivo. Investigar la presencia y concentración subgingival de Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia/Prevotella nigrescens, Eikenella corrodens, Campylobacter rectus, Micromonas micros, Fusobacterium spp , Dialister pneumosintes y bacilos entéricos en pacientes con periodontitis en una población colombiana considerando edad, género y nivel socioeconómico. Materiales y métodos. Participaron 183 pacientes: 84 con periodontitis crónica, 59 con periodontitis agresiva y 40 individuos sanos. De cada paciente se obtuvo un grupo de muestras de los seis sitios con mayor profundidad de bolsa que se procesaron por cultivo para el aislamiento e identificación de las bacterias. Resultados. En periodontitis crónica y agresiva se detectaron con alta y similar frecuencia P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia/P. nigrescens, C. rectus, Fusobacterium spp y E. corrodens y con menor y similar frecuencia, M. micros, A. actinomycetemcomitans, D. pneumosintes y bacilos entéricos, principalmente de la tribu Klebsielleae. En los sujetos sanos se encontraron con frecuencia elevada P. intermedia/P. nigrescens, C. rectus y Fusobacterium spp y con frecuencia moderada, M. micros y E. corrodens. Conclusión. Los resultados indican que P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia/P. nigrescens, C. rectus, Fusobacterium spp y E. corrodens constituyen parte importante del perfil microbiológico de las periodontitis en la población colombiana. En la periodontitis agresiva, P. gingivalis se encontró más frecuentemente que A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Introduction. Periodontitis-associated microbiotas differ in regions around the world and vary with a variety of factors. This suggests that each country must establish its own dental microbiobiotic profile in order to formulate adequate prevention measures and more specific treatments. Objective. The prevalence and proportions of the following microorganisms were investigated: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia/Prevotella nigrescens, Eikenella corrodens, Campylobacter rectus, Micromonas micros, Fusobacterium spp, Dialister pneumosintes and enteric rods. The patients selected had been diagnosed with chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis from clinical populations in Bogotá, Colombia. The variables of age, gender and socioeconomic level were included in the comparisons. Materials and methods. 183 patients were classified in two groups, chronic periodontitis (n=84) and aggressive periodontitis (n=59); 40 healthy subjects were selected for comparison. A pooled subgingival plaque sample was obtained from the 6 deepest periodontal pockets in every patient and processed by culture for the isolation and identification of bacteria. Results. In chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia/P. nigrescens, C. rectus, Fusobacterium spp and E. corrodens showed high and similar prevalence, whereas M. micros, A. actinomycetemcomitans, D. pneumosintes and enteric rods (commonly from the tribe Klebsielleae) showed less and similar prevalence. In the healthy group, P. intermedia/P. nigrescens, C. rectus and Fusobacterium spp showed high frequency whereas M. micros and E. corrodens showed moderate frequency. Conclusions. Porphyromonas gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia/P. nigrescens, C. rectus, Fusobacterium spp. and E. corrodens are important constituents of the microbiologic profile of the periodontitis in Colombian populations...
Subject(s)
Enterobacteriaceae , Periodontitis , Porphyromonas , Pseudomonadaceae , Bacteria, AnaerobicABSTRACT
El propósito del estudio fue determinar la calidad bacteriológica del agua que se utiliza en una clínica odontológica rural de la Facultad de Odontología de la UAZ, para que en base a los resultados, proponer medidas adecuadas de asepsia para consultorios y clínicas odontológicas en similares condiciones higiénicas. El estudio se efectuó en trabajo de campo, toma, conservación y transporte de muestras y procesamiento bacteriológico. Durante el trabajo de campo se encontraron anomalías higiénicas diversas. Analizadas las muestras, se encontró en la mayoría un número de UFC/mL por encima de lo permitido; de manera semejante, se encontró el NMP de bacterias coliformes/100 mL, corroborando lo anterior en la mayoría de éstas con pruebas confirmativas a coliformes totales y fecales, lo cual indica contaminación fecal. Las especies bacterianas que se identificaron pertenecen principalmente a las familias Enterobacteriaceae, Micrococaceae y Pseudomonadaceae. Los resultados muestran que, conforme fluye el agua hasta su expulsión, ésta se van contaminando. Se concluye que mientras no se tomen medidas adecuadas de control de contaminación de estas fuentes, existirá riesgo de contraer infecciones microbianas
Subject(s)
Dental Clinics/standards , Schools, Dental/standards , Water Bacteriological Characteristics , Water Quality , Asepsis , Bacteriological Techniques , Colony Count, Microbial , Water Pollution/statistics & numerical data , Enterobacteriaceae , Mexico , Micrococcaceae , Pseudomonadaceae , Water PurificationABSTRACT
Extracellular proteases from Brevundimonas diminuta (syn. Pseudomonas diminuta) were studied in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) containing a copolymerized substrate. Two proteases were detected migrating at 67kDa and 50 kDa: both of them hydrolysed preferentially gelatin, but casein was also degraded and a slight hydrolysis was observed with hemoglobin. No detectable extracellular proteolytic activity was found in bovine serum albumin-containing gels. The optima temperature and pH for proteolytic activity were between 40ºC and 50ºC in a pH ranging from 7.0 to 11.0, respectively. These enzymes were isolated by analytical high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Proteases assays with the synthetic substrate Z-Phe-Arg-MCA and inhibitors EGTA, EDTA and 1, 10 phenanthroline point out that these enzymes are metalloproteases.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Enzymes , In Vitro Techniques , Metalloendopeptidases , Pseudomonadaceae , Pseudomonas , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methodsABSTRACT
As bactérias das famílias Enterobacteriaceae e Pseudomonadaceae têm sido consideradas agravantes de alguns tipos de doenças periodontais. A cavidade bucal humana pode servir como reservatório destes microrganismos, podendo comprometer indivíduos debilitados. No presente trabalho, estudou-se a presença destas bactérias na cavidade bucal de 100 indivíduos, em amostragem aleatória e heterogênea. Dos indivíduos estudados, 51 por cento apresentaram Enterobacteriaceae e/ou Pseudomonadaceae na cavidade bucal, demonstrando elevada prevalência. Procurou-se correlacionar a presença de Enterobacteriaceae e Pseudomonadaceae na cavidade bucal com índice CPOD, índice periodontal de Russel, idade, sexo, raça, presença de próteses e horário de coleta do material, para os quais näo foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Pseudomonadaceae , Bacteria , Enterobacteriaceae , Enterobacteriaceae Infections , Periodontal Diseases , DMF Index , Periodontal IndexABSTRACT
A população bacteriana das águas da Baía Norte da Ilha de Santa Catarina foi estudada utilizando-se a ostra Crassostrea rhizophorae como biondicador. Foram realizadas avaliações quali-quantitativas de bactérias heterotróphicas originárias da água do mar e de ostras de três locais da Baía. Nas ostras, analisou-se a massa digestiva e o corpo inteiro do animal. Os resultados mostram altas concentrações de bactérias na água e nos bivalves. A maior acumulação de microrganismos foi detectada no trato digestivo das ostras. Enterobactérias predominam na água enquanto as Pseudomonadaceae são mais frequentes nos bivalves.
Subject(s)
Animals , Ostreidae/microbiology , Eutrophication , Pseudomonadaceae/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Several bacterial isolates were tested for their potentiality to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Azomonas macrocytogenes was selected as the experimental organism because of the paucity of knowledge on the N[2] fixation by this organism. Total N[2]fixed was obtained with the modified Winogradsky N[2]free medium. Glucose was superior among the different carbon sources tested, supporting the highest value of total N[2]fixed. The essential amino [except cystine] were detected both within the cells as well as in the culture broth. Low levels of ammonia were found in the cell exudates, whereas relatively higher yields were detected intracellularly
Subject(s)
Pseudomonadaceae , AzotobacterABSTRACT
The N[2]fixing efficiency of Azomonas macrocytogenes is markedly affected by the volume of the culture medium as well as by the rate of shaking. The organism exhibits its highest N[2]fixing potentiality when grown in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 150 ml medium and shaked at 100 rpm. The optimal pH value for N[2]fixation is achieved with the medium adjusted to pH 5.8 using phosphate buffer. Maximal total N[2]fixed as well as the efficiency of N[2]fixation are achieved after 8 days of incubation. A low glucose level [5g/1] permits high values of total N[2]fixed and efficiency of N[2]fixation. The addition of sodium succinate [2g/1] supports better total N[2]fixed as well as higher N[2]fixing efficiency
Subject(s)
PseudomonadaceaeABSTRACT
A atividade de glucose isomerase foi detectada em celulas de Zymomonas mobilis Kluyver & Van Niel, crescidas em meio liquido. A enzima foi parcialmente purificada, por precipitacao com sulfato de amonio o pH otimo da atividade isomerasica foi de 7,5-8,0 e a temperatura de incubacao 90 graus C